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10) Alfonso Esparza Oteo - Revista Voces
Inicio / Academia / 10) Alfonso Esparza Oteo

10) Alfonso Esparza Oteo

10) Alfonso Esparza Oteo

Martha Heredia Rubio

docente de la ENMJN

 

 

Hablar de un músico sin conocer su obra es quedarnos sólo con su nombre. Curiosamente, nuestra institución se halla en medio de una colonia inspirada en músicos. En sus orígenes, las calles de la Guadalupe Inn, cobijaron a músicos europeos como Mozart, Bach y Wagner; y fue en aras del nacionalismo que los nombres de las calles se sustituyeron por músicos mexicanos, buscando identidad y reconocimiento. A través de estos artículos, Martha Heredia, nos guiará en un recorrido en el que conoceremos sus obras y su trascendencia en nuestro país.

 

 

 

Si bien la colonia Guadalupe Inn rinde homenaje a los músicos mexicanos designando sus calles con nombres de compositores importantes, vale la pena aclarar que dicho barrio no podría contar con las suficientes calles para dar homenaje a tantos y tantos músicos que han dejado una huella musical importante en nuestro país.

Una calle paralela a Insurgentes, con una extensión de sólo cuatro cuadras, se asigna a un músico que no podía quedar afuera por su vasta producción y su gran aportación a la defensa de los derechos de autor. El músico al que me refiero es Adolfo Esparza Oteo (1894-1950), compositor y pianista que, además de dejar su legado musical, inició una labor en defensa y en reconocimiento de la profesión del compositor.

Pensemos en esos años. Después de la Revolución Mexicana no había esas máquinas musicales con tocadiscos llamadas sinfonolas, ni radios, ni tantos otros aparatos que hay en la actualidad; los compositores vendían sus producciones a editoras musicales extranjeras para darse a conocer aceptando un único pago y perdiendo todos sus derechos de regalías. Así era entonces.

Adolfo Esparza Oteo ayudó a muchos músicos contemporáneos a que pudieran tener una retribución decorosa por sus composiciones, este proceso lo inicia por cuenta propia, se trataba de publicar el producto de su inspiración y se entregaba personalmente las obras a los distribuidores del interior de la República, concediéndoles el 33% de comisión, hecho con el que se obtenían buenos resultados económicos.

Esparza Oteo logra fundar el Sindicato Mexicano de Autores, Compositores y Editores de Música (SMACEM), ubicado en República de El Salvador, número 31, en el Centro Histórico de la Ciudad de México, lo que fuera el antecedente de la hoy conocida Sociedad de Autores y Compositores de México, institución de la que fue primer presidente del Consejo Directivo.

Hablar de Alfonso Esparza Oteo es recordar los gloriosos años de la canción mexicana. Nuestro músico nace en la ciudad de Aguascalientes, en un seno familiar donde la música fluía a diario, su padre era un músico distinguido que se desempeñaba como director de bandas y de toda una escuela de música; resultaría natural, pues, que su padre fuera su primer maestro; sin embargo, recibió más lecciones de maestros distinguidos de su ciudad natal, por ejemplo, fue alumno de Manuel María Ponce, de quien le reconocía su influencia en su propio periodo de formación musical.

A Alfonso Esparza le tocan los tiempos de la revolución, cree en los ideales de Villa y, a sus 20 años de edad, se une por dos años a la lucha revolucionaria alcanzando el grado de Mayor. Después, en 1917, regresa a la vida artística, trabaja sonorizando con piano en vivo las proyecciones del cine mudo, compone su primera obra “Plenitud” y decide abrirse camino trasladándose a la capital.

Se dice que era un hombre con gran carisma y dedicado a su profesión, lo cual le permite abrir muchas puertas, con lo que logra, en poco tiempo, ser el músico de moda, trabaja en los inicios de la radio con su programa Así es mi tierra, proyecto al que imprime su personalidad y por el que recibe la Medalla al Mérito en reconocimiento a su labor en favor de la música mexicana. Al parecer, la versión de las mañanitas que todos cantamos es justamente un arreglo de él.

De los cargos que desempeñó el maestro Esparza Oteo destacan: Director artístico de la Casa Wagner y de la radiodifusora XEB —en su época de oro—, director de la Southern Music Co., jefe del Departamento de Recopilación de Música Folklórica de la Secretaría de Educación Pública, Director de la Orquesta Típica Presidencial, (del gobierno del general Álvaro Obregón 1920-1924), y director de Notables Programas de la XEW. ¡Todos esos cargos!

 

También formó parte del cuarteto Los Ases de la Canción junto con los maestros Ignacio Fernández Esperón Tata Nacho, Mario Talavera y Miguel Lerdo de Tejada, quien desafortunadamente fallece y por lo que el grupo toma el nuevo nombre de Trío Veneno.

Su producción es muy extensa y, por mencionar algunas de sus canciones, se encuentran: Un viejo amor, No vuelvo amar, Dime que sí, La rondalla, Te he de querer, Albur de amor, Cenizas de olvido, La chaparrita, Déjame llorar, mejor conocida como, Collar de perlas, etc.

Te invito a saber más de él en las siguientes ligas.♦

 

Dime que si

 

Un viejo amor

 

La rondalla

 

Pajarillo Barranqueño

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Esta obra está licenciada bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivar 4.0 Internacional.

Acerca de Martha Heredia Rubio

Martha Heredia Rubio

Martha Heredia Rubio es licenciada en Educación Musical por la Facultad de Música (UNAM) y maestra en Educación por la Universidad Nacional Interamericana para el Desarrollo. Ha sido profesora de música frente a grupos de lactantes, maternales y preescolares en las Estancias de Bienestar y Desarrollo Infantil del ISSSTE, también ha sido maestra es primarias particulares. Actualmente es maestra en la ENMJN e imparte el curso de Educación Artística.

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